Sunday, December 25, 2011

Home Solar Power Systems - How Many Kilowatts (kWs) Are Created?

!: Home Solar Power Systems - How Many Kilowatts (kWs) Are Created?

The first thing you might ask - what is solar radiation and how does it related to solar generated electricity? A good question and one that is discussed in one of our article dedicated to home solar power. This article, on the other hand, explains how kilowatts are calculated based upon the energy output of your solar array. We will also highlight the difference between solar cells connected in parallel versus in series.

The average American home uses about 25 kWh of electricity per day. The following example illustrates how to calculate the power produced by a residential solar energy system. By consulting a solar radiation map, we find that a house receives 5 hours of direct solar radiation a day, averaged out throughout the year.

Solar radiation maps are highlighted on may websites throughout the Internet. You can do a quick search for "solar radiation" to find one. They essentially plot the amount of sunlight based upon time of year and physical location that will hit the United States in any given area.

Calculating the power from a solar energy system

Divide the average kWh per day by the average sun hours per day. For this example, we take 25 kWh divided by 5 hours of sun per day = 5 kW system This 5 kW system will generate 25 kWhs under optimal conditions in direct sunlight for 5 hours, or 25 kWh on an average day with some at peak production and most of the sunlight at less than optimal angles.

Future articles related to solar energy will continue to explain the effects of sun angle, reflection, and refraction on the design, output, and installation of solar panels.

Energy as it Pertains to Solar Modules

Individual solar modules that are measured in watts have a particular voltage (around 40 volts) and a particular amperage (around 5 amps). A solar module with 40 volts and 5 amps is called a 200-watt module, which means that it has the potential to produce 200 watts of electricity when in direct sunlight, away from trees or shading, and clear of snow or debris. Since most electrical components around your house are only rated for 600 volts DC, it is rare to see a solar array with a string larger the 15 solar modules. On the other hand, since inverters need a minimum voltage or pressure to turn them on, you will seldom have a solar array with a string solar modules with a size smaller then 6.

Electrical components, like solar cells, panel modules or batteries, can be connected in either series or parallel. This makes a big difference in the total quantities of energy produced from the solar energy system, as well as the stability of the technology over time. Each solar module or component has a positive and a negative pole. In essence, this is the same way batteries have their negative and positive poles arranged. Take a look at how you but batteries in a flashlight. Same idea here. The manner in which these poles are connected makes a big difference. Connect Solar Panels in Series

When you connect residential solar energy systems in series, you connect the positive (+) pole on one component to the negative (-) pole on the next. When modules are connected in series, the voltages are added. Adding voltage together in this fashion creates a long chain of solar modules all working together, depending upon each other, and creating a flow of current that increases along the length of the system.

These modules in series are called Strings. The average string is 8-12 modules so the voltage would be 320 - 480. Unfortunately, we encounter some negative aspects of of this type of construction.

Connecting Solar Panels in Parallel

When you connect solar panels or components in parallel, you connect the panels so current can travel to your inverter and to your house via multiple paths. Unlike adding solar modules in series which increases the volume of current as it goes, the solar panels connected in parallel has the effective of leaving the current or volume of electricity passing through the system the same.

Solar panels or strings of solar arrays tied together in parallel are called parallel systems. Their amps are combined together but the total voltage remains the same. Adding amps is like increasing the volume, the pressure stays the same but the volume goes up. Inverters can only handle so much volume so you will seldom see more than 1 to 3 strings in parallel; positive ends to positive ends with negative ends to negative ends.

One of the advantages of parallel connection is that electricity continues to flow, even though one of the components (or strings) is damaged. If a system is entirely in series, one damaged component stops the entire system. You may remember the ever-frustrating Christmas lights that were connected in series. Often difficult to trouble shoot, strings of lights connected in series are hard to fix when one bulb blew out. Now, the modern Christmas lights are connected in parallel. You can see this because there are two wires connecting each lamp. You can feel this via their less frustrating maintenance and operation.

Options for Residential Solar Energy Systems

In this article, we explained in some detail how solar modules calculate the power they produce as well as how connecting solar arrays in series or parallel can have an large impact on energy output as well as complexity of design. Our next article will cover how sun angle affects solar energy systems and how to quantify the solar power produced from the sun.

New solar energy system rentals allow you to upgrade your home to solar generated electricity with no large system to purchase. You can rent the solar energy equipment needed to generate up to 100 percent of your electricity needs. Exciting aspects related to clean, green solar energy are emerging all around us.


Home Solar Power Systems - How Many Kilowatts (kWs) Are Created?

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Saturday, November 19, 2011

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Saturday, November 12, 2011

Sunforce 50048 60-Watt Solar Charging Kit

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The Sunforce 60 Watt Solar Charging Kit gives you several more reasons to love the sun. Perfect for cabins, recreational vehicles, remote power, back-up power, 12V battery charging and more, this kit comes with everything you need to start producing up to 60 Watts/4 Amps of clean, free power in all weather conditions. It is also a great choice for clean and silent operation of various electronics, like deer feeders and landscaping pumps. Made of durable ABS plastic and amorphous solar cells, the solar panels will charge in all daylight conditions, even on cloudy days. With built-in blocking diode technology, this charger kit is designed to protect against battery discharge at night. This kit includes: four 15W amorphous solar panels ,a PVC mounting frame, 7 Amp charge controller, 200 Watt inverter, and wiring/connection cables. The maximum temperature range is -40 to 176-degrees Fahrenheit. The Sunforce 60 Watt Solar Charging Kit is the ideal solution for providing the power you need, while helping you save money and protect the environment!

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Sunday, November 6, 2011

Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Tracking Systems

!: Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Tracking Systems

Solar tracking systems are used to continually orient photovoltaic panels towards the sun and can help maximize your investment in your PV system. They are beneficial as the sun's position in the sky will change gradually over the course of a day and over the seasons throughout the year.

Advantages to using a tracker system like this will depend mainly on it's placement in determining how well it will increase the effectiveness of the panels. They can be used most effectively in areas with low horizons and locations that are shade free from dawn to dusk each day. Throughout the year the tracking array will be able to utilize the wide open access to gain every available electron from the sun.

This way, energy production is at an optimum and energy output is increased year round. This is especially significant through out the summer months with its long days of sunlight available to capture and when, at many Northern latitudes, the sun rises in the northeast and sets in the northwest, no energy will be lost.

For those with limited space this means that a smaller array only needs to be installed, a huge advantage for those smaller sites with only a small area to place equipment; they will be able to produce maximum energy output but only need to utilize one of the smaller solar home systems.

Solar tracking systems do not come without their disadvantages though. The stand alone PV home kit system is a very reliable and uncomplicated source of energy production; the panels don't move and require little maintenance. By adding a solar tracking system to your solar panels, you are adding moving parts and gears which will require regular maintenance of your solar system and repair or replacement of broken parts. If you're electronically controlled tracker stops working and you don't have a manual control, an option you can choose at the time of purchase, you can manually position your array to solar south to ensure that you will continue to capture as much solar energy as possible. Secure the array into place with ropes or straps found on the four corners of the rack and tie onto the pole or in the concrete pad.

Another possible disadvantage to be aware of when purchasing a tracking solar power system, is in the way your local utility's PV Rebate Program may be set up. Many are based on the size of the PV array in your home kit and not on your PV array's production, which could mean less of a financial benefit to you. If you have a small array, such as a 3 Watt capacity, you may get less overall cost benefit than someone else with a larger array of a 4-5 Watt size capacity, even if your energy production works out higher than the person using a bigger array, due to increased sun exposure in your area. The upfront cost of purchasing a home kit with a smaller size array is less but you may receive a smaller rebate check.

Many areas though, are now starting to make the move from the rated wattage system of photovoltaic home systems to the energy production based incentive program; check with the Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency for more details. You can find more incentive program details online at dsireusa.org.


Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Tracking Systems

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Tuesday, November 1, 2011

TiO2 Nanotube Arrays: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

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TiO2 Nanotube Arrays: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications is the first book to provide an overview of this rapidly growing field. Vertically oriented, highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays are unique and easily fabricated materials with an architecture that demonstrates remarkable charge transfer as well as photocatalytic properties. This volume includes an introduction to TiO2 nanotube arrays, as well as a description of the material properties and distillation of the current research. Applications considered include gas sensing, heterojunction solar cells, water photoelectrolysis, photocatalytic CO2 reduction, as well as several biomedical applications.

Written by leading researchers in the field, TiO2 Nanotube Arrays: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications is a valuable reference for chemists, materials scientists and engineers involved with renewable energy sources, biomedical engineering, and catalysis, to cite but a few examples.

 

 

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Tuesday, October 25, 2011

Sun and Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Fuzzy Controllers via FPGA: In Solar Array Systems

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Solar energy is viewed as clean and renewable source of energy for the future. So the use of Photovoltaic systems has increased in many applications. This book presents two major approaches; sun tracking and maximum power point tracking. The controller used in this book is (FLC). Two fuzzy logic controllers are fabricated on modern FPGA card (Spartan-3AN, Xilinx Company, 2009) to increase the energy generation efficiency of tracking controller. Sun tracking generating power system is designed and implemented in real time. The proposed sun tracking controller, and the proposed maximum power point tracking controller for grid-connected photovoltaic system are tested using Matlab/Simulink program with graphical user interface (GUI), the results show that both controllers have a good responses. The fuzzy controller design using FPGA technology should help shed some light on this new and exciting method and should be especially useful to professionals in control and solar energy fields. This book is designed for the professional and academic audience interested primarily in applications of fuzzy logic in engineering and technology.

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Friday, October 21, 2011

Brunton 26 Watt Foldable Solar Array

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The next generation of Solaris foldable technology is here. CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide) is the most efficient thin film solar technology available. By maximizing performance while optimizing portability, it makes the Solaris 26 the most compact high output model available. The built-in blocking diode prevents reverse battery discharge. Provides a lightweight, compact design that includes; Storage Sack, Vehicle outlet cable, Multi-link cable, Battery clamp cable. One Year Warranty. Contact us for Customer Service, Technical and any other question at 1-800-443-4871 (or) support@brunton.com

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Friday, April 22, 2011

Brunton Solaris - USB 5V Foldable Solar Array

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  • Flexible thin film solar provides all weather power even in low-light conditions
  • 5 Volt output charges many of your electronic devices, including iPods, cell phones and PDA's
  • Reverse flow protection prevents discharging the devise you are using
  • Durable/waterproof construction allows one to mount or pack a resourceful supply of power for a number of devices
  • Compact and lightweight at 5 ounces

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Monday, April 4, 2011

Solar Power Basic Concepts (The Science of Electricity)

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This book provides an overview of solar cell technologies. Topics include the basic process of solar cells, processes which limit the efficiency of solar cells, and key terminology. This book also provides an overview of practical issues to consider when using solar power.

Table of Contents

A. Photovoltaic Cells Basics
1. Introduction
2. Advantages of Photovoltaic Cells
3. Basic Process of Photovoltaic Cells
4. Possible Events in a Photovoltaic Cell and Resulting Efficiency
5. Electromagnetic Waves and Photovoltaic Cells
6. Temperature and Power in Photovoltaic Cells
7. Inverters: Converting DC to AC
8. Solar Cell, Panel, Module, Array

B. Practical Considerations of Photovoltaic Systems
1. Electronic design choices
2. Protection and Maintenance
3. Orientation to face the sun

C. Technical Details of Photovoltaic Cells
1. Introduction
2. Electron-Hole Pairs
3. N-type, P-type, and Doping
4. PN Junction and One-Way Current

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Sunday, April 3, 2011

Solar Cell Array Design Handbook : The Principles and Technology of Photovoltaic Energy Conversion

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Sunday, March 20, 2011

Mojave Desert - The world's largest solar power plant

!: Mojave Desert - The world's largest solar power plant

Many of you have heard from the Mojave Desert. It is located in the United States and occupy the borders of many states, including California, Utah, Nevada and Arizona. It is a familiar name to most people in the solar energy because it is the world's largest solar installation and solar systems. I thought I would write an article about it, because we talked a lot about putting up solar panels in your home.

It is known to have the capacityproduce more than 392 megawatts of power, the power together as many as 500,000 people power. This is one of those perfect examples of the positive use of renewable energy instead of fossil fuels would be equivalent also produces carbon dioxide and Tues contribute to pollution, global warming, etc.

Mojave desert SEGS (Solar Energy Generation Systems) for the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy orEnd it is ultimately. But it really is a huge boost for those who are planning to make solar cells in your home. There are currently nine solar plants in the Mojave Desert.

U.S. Energy Department plans, three other courses in the desert, among which the popular Nevada Solar One to introduce an option. The reason for the Mojave desert is to be as such an important place for solar power enthusiasts because of its location. It isThe hotel is in an ideal position to provide the optimal amount of solar energy and can almost double "PA angle (sun) may be to most other parts of the country. So the desert makes as an ideal place for non-renewable energy such as solar energy as an example.

It is difficult to can the exact costs and benefits of the creation of such a solar system to calculate achieved as compared with other renewable energy sources and in comparison with"Fossil Fuels". This is because governments and the money to reduce pollution through the use of fossil fuels, the fight is not usually considered. The money comes from government gives you, the taxpayers. So, indirectly, you are also spending a lot of money for these renewable energy sources that you use when you drive your car, etc. It makes solar energy benefits still abundant, especially in places that "Mojave" generated so muchElectricity.

Solar towers are what you in Case of sun and the sun two. I already had on the U.S. Department of Energy plans mentioned a solar power plant in Nevada, also known as "Nevada Solar One" create known. This Solar One and Solar are the two, the use of solar energy tower heliostats used to reflect the sun's rays on the plate, then use to generate energy. Solar Two is characteristically different fromothers that it uses molten salt instead of water normally used to generate electricity. Molten salt can be very hot and because of the chemical nature of the molten salt to generate electricity during the night and during cloudy or rainy days. This is really good on the Mojave Desert.

Solar Energy Generation Systems (SEGS) - These are basically solar system that is widely used in various places and especially in the MojaveDesert. They were built and maintained by Luz Industries Israel and is very effective and contribute to the needs of more than 500,000 people to meet.

The Nellis solar power plant, Ivanpah, the solar system and the Nevada Solar One is a part of the very well known future projects that are considered established by the U.S. Department of Energy, in the Mojave Desert. I hope this above-solar "facts" and "Solar energy benefits," you inspired to set upYour own solar system in your home. Through the use of renewable energies such as solar energy, you not only help to reduce pollution but also save you money in the form of savings in the long run and with regard to various tax incentives that you are entitled.


Mojave Desert - The world's largest solar power plant

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